Analog and digital technology go hand in hand. Both words represent a  wave. For analog this is literal and is a continuous wave sometimes  called a sine wave. For digital technology, our only way to represent  these waves is with values of 0 and 1. So digital waves come out looking  blocky as the wave is either off or on. If we take music for example.  You are listening to your favorite band perform live. The music as you  hear it is an analog wave. If you decide to purchase the live recording  cd that they later release, that same analog sound exists in a digital  format so that your cd player can read it and then send those sounds to  your speaker. At your speaker that digital wave is converted back to an  analog signal and you are able to hear it.

Binary is the most basic numbering system that computers and  technology understand. It is represented by values of 0 and 1 or off and  on. Combined these digits are grouped in sets of 8 called a byte or  octet and can represent any value between 0 and 255. 

Decimal is the standard numbering system that we all understand. With  numbers between 0 and 9 being combined to represent their literal  value. Ex: 125, 3, or 6,554.

The octal numbering system uses three digits of binary or three bits  to represent values from 0 to 7. It is not as popular after the rise of  hexadecimal. 

Hexadecimal much like octal allows the user to represent long strings  of binary with a relatively smaller value. Hexadecimal is a base 16 and  uses values from 0-9 and A to F. With A counting sequentially after 9.  Ex: A=10, B=11…

References

Digital signal and analog signjal. (n.d.). Electronics Coach. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://electronicscoach.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Digital-Signal-and-Analog-Signjal.jpg

Electronics Tutorials. (n.d.). Hexadecimal Numbers. https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/binary/bin_3.html